EVM Internals
Dive into EVM execution — gas costs, storage slots, memory layout, opcodes, and transaction encoding.
Gas Cost Calculator
Build EVM opcode execution pipelines, analyze gas costs by category, and estimate real-world transaction fees. Learn why storage operations dominate Ethereum gas costs.
Storage Slot Explorer
Visualize how Solidity maps contract variables to 32-byte EVM storage slots. Explore slot packing, keccak256 addressing, and optimize your storage layout for gas efficiency.
Memory vs Storage
Compare EVM storage and memory side-by-side. Step through SSTORE, SLOAD, MSTORE, MLOAD opcodes with real gas costs and discover why storage is 6,667x more expensive than memory.
Raw Transaction Builder
Construct Ethereum transactions field-by-field across Legacy, EIP-2930, and EIP-1559 types. Visualize RLP encoding, compare transaction types, estimate gas costs, and study the transaction lifecycle.
Gas Optimization Tips
Paste any Solidity contract and get instant severity-ranked gas optimization suggestions. 12 pattern rules covering storage, loops, data location, calldata, custom errors, struct packing, and more.
Gas Token Cost Calculator
Compare real transaction costs across ETH, MATIC, BNB, AVAX, and more — 8 chains, 8 operation types, ranked cheapest to most expensive in native tokens and USD.
Gas Wars Visualizer
23 historical gas spikes on Ethereum mainnet from 2020–2024, annotated with the on-chain event that caused each one. Filter by year and category, hover for details.